Physiography refers to the study of surface land form characteristics. Physiography of Nepal has been mainly divided on the basis of river, relief, structure, altitude & geographical distribution. Nepal has diverse geological & geographical structure. The country has thousands of rivers flowing from north to south forming gorges, river basins & valleys. There is a maximum relief, steep slope & rugged terrain that have resulted in distinct land forms topography. For the sake of convenience,. the physiography of Nepal is divided as High Himal, High Mountain, Middle Mountain, Siwalik & Tarai from north to south.
The Tarai is the flat land below 300m elevation formed by alluvial deposition. The Siwalik, Churiya, lies just above Tarai. It ranges from 300-900 metre elevation in general. It is formed with conglomerates. The Middle Mountain extends widely just immediately after Siwalik. It lies between 900-3000 metres elevation. It has spurs, hills, river basins, valleys. Kathmandu valley lies in this belt. The High Mountain also has steep & dissected land forms. The High Himal is in the northern most part where hundreds of mountain peaks are found.
The Tarai is the flat land below 300m elevation formed by alluvial deposition. The Siwalik, Churiya, lies just above Tarai. It ranges from 300-900 metre elevation in general. It is formed with conglomerates. The Middle Mountain extends widely just immediately after Siwalik. It lies between 900-3000 metres elevation. It has spurs, hills, river basins, valleys. Kathmandu valley lies in this belt. The High Mountain also has steep & dissected land forms. The High Himal is in the northern most part where hundreds of mountain peaks are found.
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